Propolis: Nature's Healer and Its Powerful Therapeutic Benefits
Bees create a sticky, greenish-brown substance called propolis by mixing tree sap with their saliva and wax, which they use to build their hives. Propolis acts as a disinfectant and effectively prevents the entry and spread of diseases within the hive, often placed at the hive’s entrance by the bees. As bees pass over it before entering the hive, propolis likely serves to disinfect their legs and bodies upon entry. The medicinal use of propolis dates back thousands of years. Its compounds vary depending on the region where the bees live and the local flowers and plants. This means that European propolis will have different compounds than Brazilian propolis. This variability makes it challenging to outline the exact benefits of propolis. Used as a medicinal agent since ancient times, propolis has played a role in folk medicine as early as 300 BC for cosmetic purposes, inflammation reduction, and wound healing. Researchers have identified over 200 compounds in propolis, most of which are various forms of polyphenols. Polyphenols are antioxidants that protect the body against harmful pathogens, and propolis contains a group of polyphenols known as flavonoids. Flavonoids are commonly found in antioxidant-rich foods like green tea, fruits, and vegetables.
Propolis is believed to have numerous medical properties. Researchers suggest it can kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and possesses anesthetic, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory effects. It may also help lower blood pressure and stimulate the immune system. Additionally, studies have shown that propolis has antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and certain viruses. It is commonly used in oral and dental products and may help reduce tooth decay, treat oral ulcers, and improve overall dental health.
Propolis and its chemical compounds have also been shown to inhibit tumor growth in animals and tumor cells. However, clinical studies are still ongoing to explore its effects on human cancer, immune support, antioxidant activity, heart health, diabetes, and allergies.
Since chronic diseases are often associated to increased inflammation in the body, researchers are working to identify nutrients that effectively reduce inflammation. Propolis is one such substance currently under study for its anti-inflammatory potential, but findings have been quite contrdictory. To clarify whether propolis is effective in reducing inflammation, a group of faculty members from Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences conducted a meta-analysis, reanalyzing the results of all studies examining the anti-inflammatory effects of propolis.
The results of studies have indicated that propolis can reduce key inflammatory markers in the human body, whose chronic elevation is associated with a higher risk of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Consequently, researchers recommend consuming unheated natural honey (as heated honey typically lacks propolis) or using dietary supplements that contain propolis.
Dr. Ali Gholami